Fractional thermolysis (fraxel) is a method of laser "resurfacing" of the face and body, which helps to cope with stressful and age-related skin problems.
This procedure is almost as effective as braces, and after thermolysis, skin cells begin to actively produce collagen and elastin, as in youth, that is, beneficial changes occur in several layers at once, and not only in the outer epidermis.
The procedure is very effective, but at the same time traumatic. It can only be performed in specialized clinics.
What is it: fractional photothermolysis, what is the essence of the method and its effectiveness, indications and contraindications for procedures on the face and body using fraxel technology, before and after photos, consequences and feedback on the laser procedure, estimated prices and what devices are used - all this we will try to tell you more.
General information
Thermolysis refers to the process of structural destruction of tissue under the influence of high temperatures. The concept was created and mediated by physicians, and later brought into use by cosmetologists.
And photothermolysis is also the process of thermolysis, but it is caused by exposure to light energy. In cosmetology, it is used during photoepilation and laser "rejuvenation" of scars and scars.
Fractional photothermolysis is a technique in which photothermolysis does not affect the entire surface of the skin, but only its individual areas. This means that we can talk about focal destruction of tissues by heating them with the help of laser energy (light).
The essence of the procedure and other names
The fractional photothermolysis procedure is classified as a form of negative stimulation of the skin, since certain types of injuries are applied during the session, in this case burns.
To achieve the expected cosmetic result, you need to start the regeneration process, which restores the skin after damage.
Such a thermal burn looks like a "column", which is formed in the thickness of the dermis under the specific action of laser beams. This "column" in cosmetology is called the "microscopic treatment zone", or for short - MLZ.
In diameter, they cannot reach more than a tenth of a millimeter: from about 0. 1 to 0. 4 mm, with a penetration depth of up to 0. 5 mm. Depending on the type of procedure chosen, from ten to several thousand such microtraumas can be located in a square centimeter of surface, while the impact rate is 3000 MLZ/sec.
If we analyze the mechanism of action of fractional photothermolysis, then it is similar to mesoscooter therapy, but using a roller, microdamages are applied mechanically with needles.
In the practice of cosmetology, the concept of fractional thermolysis has several synonyms in common use:
- dermal optical thermolysis;
- DOT therapy;
- "polished" fractional laser;
- LAFT rejuvenation;
- fractional laser nanoperforation;
Ablative and non-ablative method
Laser ablation is the evaporation of a substance using a laser pulse. When using fractional ablative photothermolysis, choose a type of laser radiation, whose energy is mainly absorbed by water molecules.
During a short duration impact on a localized area, the laser beam almost immediately heats the water contained in the tissues, up to 300C. Due to this, the entire "column" evaporates, and in its place a microscopic open-type wound is formed, which is surrounded by layers of thermally coagulated cells.
After ablative photothermolysis, recovery will be much slower and longer than with a non-ablative method.
But the results of the procedure will be objectively better, and the lifting effect will be clearer. It is best to use a course of 2 to 6 sessions. But during such procedures, the patient is exposed to some risk of tissue infection in the deep dermal layers.
Nonablative fractional thermolysis can be attributed to milder microtrauma techniques. A laser beam is used, which practically does not damage the epidermis, burns are formed under it.
The destroyed tissues do not evaporate, but remain inside the "column", naturally there are no open wounds. The lifting is not as evident as with the first ablative method, since the cell breakdown products are not removed at the time of the procedure, which means that there is no "tightening" effect on the skin.
It is recommended to use courses from 3 to 10 sessions. For the patient, there is practically no risk of infection of the deep dermal layer, since there is no violation of the integrity of the surface.
Indications, effect
Indications for the appointment of a procedure using Fraxel technology may be the following reasons:
- the need to stimulate withered and aged skin;
- treatment of pigmented/depigmented lesions;
- get rid of scars, post-acne and small scars;
- the need to remove stretch marks.
It is not suitable for getting rid of keloid formations.
Advantages
How is this method different from the classic laser "polishing"? With the traditional approach, the burn affects a large area, and with fractional exposure, it has a localized and punctual character.
Between burn injuries there are spaces with intact skin, and this makes photothermolysis less traumatic and speeds up healing time.
The method is suitable for treating any part of the body, but in most cases it is used specifically for the face. By using Fraxel technology, the beautician can even work with the skin of the eyelids.
A feature of this optical thermolysis of the dermis is the innovative design of the DOT device itself, which makes it possible to avoid losing areas of skin or overlapping one area on another.
Mechanism of action
At the preliminary consultation, the cosmetologist determines the goals that the client wants to achieve, finds out possible contraindications to the procedure, talks about the possible results and their compliance with the client's expectations.
The doctor will certainly stipulate a point about the risks and the development of complications after the procedure, as well as how to care for the skin after undergoing a cycle of photothermolysis.
It is necessary to discuss in advance and choose the appropriate method of pain relief, and the client must report allergic reactions to medications, if any.
A few hours before the session, a superficial peeling is performed whose objective is to equalize the thickness of the stratum corneum of the skin.
During the operation, the patient may experience moderate pain and discomfort. Its severity cannot depend in any way on the model of the device used. The level of pain is based on the depth and intensity of the laser beam, and these parameters are determined by the specialist himself, focusing on the therapeutic objectives.
The more the problem is neglected, the deeper layers must be affected.
But normally, as an anesthetic, ordinary creams with an anesthetic effect are used, which are applied in the work areas a maximum of 40 minutes before the start of the session.
During the session, the cosmetologist moves a nozzle over the surface, which emits a directed laser beam. If such a need arises, then the same area is treated repeatedly within the same procedure.
The duration is from 15 minutes to 1 hour. It all depends on the amount of leather being treated. At the end of fractional photothermolysis, a cream with a soothing effect is applied to the "polished" surface.
To achieve the desired result, it is necessary to conduct a course of several procedures - from 3 to 10, depending on the chosen type of exposure. You can have a session once a month.
Recommendations (training and rehabilitation)
A few days before the scheduled procedure, the patient should start taking a prophylactic course of antibiotics and antiviral agents. Naturally, if there is objective evidence of it.
On the day fractional photothermolysis is performed, the person should avoid alcohol and completely refrain from playing any sports.
After the non-ablative photothermolysis procedure, the recovery process lasts up to three days, after the ablation type - at least a week.
If the "polishing" was based on ablation, the patient will have reddened skin, swelling, a burning sensation, and discomfort for several more days.
After consultation with a specialist, you can apply cooling compresses or apply local pain relievers to the skin, available in spray form.
After at least three days have passed, the color of the "polished" dermis may change slightly. For example, it can become pseudo-tan, due to further breakdown of pigment-containing debris from previously necrotic cells.
Dryness will appear, peeling will begin, and the person may even experience some itching for a short time. All these manifestations are not dangerous and will pass on their own in about a week. Scratching itchy skin is strictly prohibited!
In order for rehabilitation after fraxel to go smoothly, you need to follow some basic recommendations:
- you should take care of the skin and make sure to apply the recommended external products. In most cases, these are medications that are prescribed for the treatment of thermal burns and moisturizing sprays;
- the crust that forms on the surface as the wounds heal should not be removed artificially, it should only fall off naturally;
- if before the procedure the patient took antimicrobial and antiviral drugs, then her course should be continued according to the instructions;
- in order not to develop hyperpigmentation, it is necessary to isolate the treated skin from direct sunlight for a period of at least one month. Generally use sunscreens with SPF 40+;
- during the entire recovery period, it is forbidden to use scrubs and other mechanical methods of skin cleansing.
Possible side effects and complications
Despite the fact that fractional photothermolysis is one of the most modern and safe methods, it also has a number of side effects:
- bacterial infection, development of streptoderma or staphyloderma;
- erythema lasting more than three days;
- edema on the surface of the treated skin lasting more than two days;
- hyperpigmentation in the post-inflammatory period;
- the appearance of blisters from burns, erosive cracks;
- exacerbation of HSV1 or acne;
- microscopic hemorrhages under the skin.
Contraindications (general and local)
Fractional photothermolysis is not performed with the following general contraindications:
- oncological tumors;
- the lactation period;
- HSV1 and HSV2 in the acute stage;
- infectious diseases;
- chronic diseases in the stage of manifestation;
- diabetes mellitus of any type;
- defects and insufficiency of the cardiovascular system;
- disturbances in the work of the organs of the hematopoietic system, poor blood coagulation;
- the presence of autoimmune diseases;
- tendency to form deep keloid-type scars;
- status epilepticus or convulsive syndrome;
- psychic deviations;
- taking isotretinoin for six months;
- a recent tan or a visit to the solarium.
And the following local contraindications:
- all inflammatory processes localized in the intended work area;
- impaired skin integrity;
- any neoplasm of unknown origin;
- dry cleaning of the skin or any other procedure that may injure the skin.
Where and on what devices is it done, approximate prices.
The cost of a fraxel procedure depends on the area treated, so estimated prices for fractional laser resurfacing vary.
Only qualified specialists can perform photothermolysis sessions in a cosmetology hospital.
For the fraxel resurfacing procedure itself, devices with CO2 or an erbium laser are used. Ordinary beauty salons for the most part do not have the necessary equipment and trained staff.
The use of lasers for cosmetic purposes remains controversial. But be that as it may, procedures based on the action of a laser beam are among the most popular, effective and safe.
Reviews
We invite you to read some reviews about fractional laser facial skin rejuvenation:
- First review: "I am 35 years old. I went for 2 sessions of fractional photothermolysis. The second visit took place 30 days after the first visit. As a result, I noticed that my usually slightly enlarged pores were closing and the skin on my forehead and My cheeks were beginning to look much more even. I was satisfied. The only thing that bothered me was the peeling that appeared after the second visit. But it disappeared without a trace after three days. Now I look in the mirror and enjoy my own expensive".
- Second review: "I want to tell you my impression of this method, as I felt a positive result. After three procedures, I noticed that my face brightened, the pigment spots on some parts of the face brightened, the scars began to stand out less and the skin tightened. These changes did not happen all at once, but gradually. After about 4 months, I began to look 5-6 years younger than my age. I advise everyone who takes care of themselves to try this wonderful thing.
- Third review: "I was very afraid of this type of procedure, believing that there are more undesirable consequences than advantages. However, when the first wrinkles appeared, the idea of "magic skin transformation" began to haunt my head more and more frequency. So I decided to have a photothermolysis session. In the process, there were slightly painful, but tolerable sensations. After a while, cheerful changes on the face became visible: the wrinkles around the eyes smoothed out, the complexion became lighter, the outline tightened. Overall, I liked the effect. Will use this procedure again if needed.
- Fourth review: "I consider this method indispensable for any woman who wants to stay young and attractive. I discovered something new for myself and was immensely satisfied. There are many positive moments and they all reflected on my face: fine wrinkles and pigmentation disappeared, skin it is not so saggy, there are less inflammations, and most importantly, I like myself much more. I want to advise everyone to love themselves, do not save on their beauty and use effective procedures to maintain their youth.